Rabb Majumder

is the Editor and Publisher of The Security World.

In an era of increasing global interconnectedness, the relationships between nations play a crucial role in fostering cooperation and mutual growth. This interview focuses on the diplomatic ties between Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh, highlighting the efforts and initiatives aimed at strengthening these bonds. I had the privilege of interviewing Saudi Ambassador to Bangladesh Essa Yousef Essa Alduhailan who has been instrumental in promoting collaboration between the two countries. Through this discussion, we explore the key areas of partnership, including economic cooperation, cultural exchanges, and the ongoing commitment to enhancing bilateral relations. Join me as we delve into the insights and perspectives that underscore the significance of Saudi-Bangladesh relations.

Saudi Ambassador Essa Yousef Essa Alduhailan

Saudi Arabia holds significant importance for Bangladesh in various aspects, including economic, social, and diplomatic relations. Here are some key points highlighting this relationship:

Remittances: A large number of Bangladeshi workers are employed in Saudi Arabia, making it one of the top destinations for Bangladeshi expatriates. The remittances sent back home are crucial for Bangladesh's economy, contributing significantly to foreign currency reserves and supporting local families.

Trade Relations: Saudi Arabia is an important trading partner for Bangladesh. The two countries engage in the exchange of various goods, including textiles, garments, and agricultural products, bolstering Bangladesh’s trade balance.

Saudi Arabia has shown interest in investing in various sectors in Bangladesh, including infrastructure, energy, and agriculture. These investments can lead to job creation and economic growth in Bangladesh.

Saudi Arabia is home to the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina. Many Bangladeshi Muslims travel to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah, fostering cultural and religious ties between the nations. This connection enhances the understanding and relationship between the people of both countries.

Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia maintain strong diplomatic relations, cooperating on various international platforms. This partnership is important for addressing regional and global issues, including security and economic development.

The Saudi government has provided development aid to Bangladesh, supporting infrastructure projects and humanitarian initiatives. This assistance is vital for Bangladesh’s ongoing development efforts.

Saudi Arabia plays a critical role in Bangladesh's economy and socio-cultural landscape. The ongoing collaboration in various sectors continues to strengthen the ties between the two nations, contributing to mutual growth and stability. As both countries navigate global challenges, their partnership is likely to become even more significant in the future.

Bangladesh, the eighth most populous country in the world, has a population that is over 90 percent Muslim, which gives its relationship with Saudi Arabia—the birthplace of Islam—special significance. Both nations share common social norms and cultural values rooted in their religious practices, as well as aligned perspectives on various regional and international issues, particularly those affecting the Muslim world. This shared foundation has fostered cooperation between the two countries in various regional and international platforms, including the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the United Nations (UN), and the Islamic Development Bank (IDB).

Foreign Affairs Adviser Touhid Hossain and Saudi Ambassador Essa Yousef Essa Alduhailan.

A significant chapter in the history of Bangladesh-Saudi Arabia relations began when then-Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman visited Saudi Arabia in 1975. This landmark visit laid the foundation for a strong bilateral relationship, establishing pathways for trade, education, and cultural exchanges between the two nations.

Following this pivotal moment, General Ziaur Rahman the then President of Bangladesh took the reins, further nurturing these ties. He signed several agreements that opened doors for bilateral and multilateral trade, enhancing cooperation in various sectors. One of the most impactful consequences of this partnership was the opportunity it created for Bangladeshi laborers to work in Saudi Arabia. These workers not only contributed to the development of the Saudi economy but also sent vital remittances back home, bolstering Bangladesh’s economy.

Over the years, successive governments in Bangladesh have continued to value and strengthen these close ties. In 2021, both nations celebrated half a century of diplomatic relations, a testament to the enduring friendship and collaboration that has flourished since that first visit. As they look to the future, Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia remain committed to thriving relations, fostering mutual growth and understanding in an ever-evolving global landscape.

Ambassador Essa Yusef Essa Alduhailan mentioned that in 2022, the Saudi-Bangla Business Council was established to foster business and development between the two Muslim nations. One year ago, a total of 140 business leaders visited various cities in Saudi Arabia. Bangladesh has allocated 300 acres of land in Mirershorie National Park for Saudi Arabia’s use. The ACWA Power business conglomerate has invested in 750 megawatts and 1,000 megawatts of renewable energy projects. Additionally, the Red Sea Gate International Company has invested in the Patenga Bay terminals and the Matarbari project. However, potential investors may be deterred by the strict regulations imposed by the Bangladeshi government, which restrict the transfer of profits back to their headquarters.

According to the Ambassador, a team of 100 individuals have been working to assist with the pilgrimage, specifically focusing on the rituals. Bangladesh ranks as the second most significant country after Kuwait in this context. Bangladeshi citizens holding Schengen, UK, or USA visas can easily travel for Hajj with on arrival visa.

Hajj holds profound significance for Muslims around the world, including those in Bangladesh. As the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and home to the holy city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia is revered as a sacred destination. For many Muslims, the opportunity to visit this holy land is a lifelong dream, symbolizing spiritual fulfillment and devotion.

Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam, making it a fundamental religious obligation for every able-bodied Muslim who can afford to undertake the journey. This pilgrimage not only serves as an act of worship but also embodies the unity of the Muslim community, drawing millions from diverse backgrounds to participate in this sacred ritual.

For many, the journey to Mecca is not just a pilgrimage; it is a testament to faith and resilience. Even those with limited financial means often seek assistance from family, friends, and the community to make their dream a reality. Historically, prior to the advent of air travel, the journey to Mecca could take six months or more by ship, a testament to the determination of those who sought to fulfill this vital religious duty.

Hajj offers profound spiritual benefits. It allows participants to seek forgiveness, reflect on their lives, and renew their commitment to their faith. The experience of standing in prayer at the Kaaba, performing the rituals of Tawaf, and participating in the symbolic acts of sacrifice and repentance profoundly impacts the lives of pilgrims. Many return home transformed, with a renewed sense of purpose and connection to their faith.

However, the journey is not without its challenges. Sadly, many have passed away before realizing their dream of performing Hajj. Yet, countless others have successfully completed this pilgrimage, marking a significant milestone in their spiritual journey.

Hajj is not only a religious obligation but also a powerful expression of faith, community, and devotion. It serves as a reminder of the shared beliefs that unite Muslims worldwide and the enduring aspiration to connect with their spiritual heritage in the holy land of Saudi Arabia.

The Ambassador stated that in 2023, approximately 150,000 visas were issued to Bangladeshis, and around 3.2 million Bangladeshis currently reside in Saudi Arabia. The remittances sent to Dhaka exceed $5 billion, with nearly 5,200 visas being issued each day. Bangladeshi workers are making significant contributions to the development of Saudi Arabia, and their efforts are greatly appreciated.

The Saudi ambassador highlighted the significant contributions of Bangladeshi expatriates to the Kingdom's development, emphasizing their hard work and dedication. He noted that Saudi Arabia recognizes and appreciates the vital role these individuals play in fostering economic growth and cultural exchange.

In addition to supporting its expatriate community, Saudi Arabia remains committed to aiding vulnerable populations, particularly the Rohingya refugees. The Saudi development fund has been instrumental in this effort, providing nearly $6.5 billion in support and over $100 million in grant assistance dedicated to infrastructure development in Bangladesh.

This robust financial support underscores the strong partnership between Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh, with both nations committed to collaboration and cooperation that align with their mutual interests. The ambassador reaffirmed that this relationship will continue to flourish, benefiting not only the two countries but also the communities in need.

Military relations between Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia have notably strengthened since the formation of the Islamic Military Alliance in December 2015, initiated by King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud and under the leadership of Saudi Prime Minister and Crown Prince Muhammad Bin Salman. This alliance, which began with 34 member countries, has since expanded to 41. A key milestone in their military cooperation occurred with the joint military exercise “Gulf Shield-1” in March 2018, where 16 members of the Bangladesh Army participated alongside forces from 23 other nations, including major military powers. This exercise aimed to enhance military collaboration and was attended by former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, marking a significant commitment to defense ties.

Bangladesh has historically engaged in military initiatives, having participated in the Gulf War in the early 1990s, and sees ample opportunities for further collaboration with Saudi Arabia. Areas for mutual cooperation extend beyond military exercises to include counterterrorism, economic diplomacy, and public health initiatives. Saudi Arabia has consistently supported Bangladesh in addressing the humanitarian crisis of the Rohingya refugees who were displaced from Myanmar in 2017.

An MoU was signed to enhance military cooperation in 2019, and in 2022, a security deal was established to combat drug trafficking, human trafficking, and cybercrime, which included provisions for training and exchange programs between security forces. Bangladesh's proactive stance against terrorism aligns with its membership in the Saudi-led Islamic Military Coalition (IMCTC).The Saudi Ambassador to Bangladesh also outlined key initiatives to enhance trade and investment flows between the two nations, emphasizing the importance of increased visits and communication to explore business opportunities. He highlighted that Saudi companies are considering significant investments in the fertilizer and ammonia sectors, with plans to establish production facilities in Dhaka. Additionally, the Ambassador noted the upcoming opening of a sea lane between Jeddah and Chattogram, which will facilitate the transportation of goods and people, further strengthening economic ties. These efforts are aimed at deepening cooperation and fostering mutual growth, reinforcing the bonds of friendship between Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh.

The Saudi Ambassador to Bangladesh discussed the importance of cultural exchange in enhancing the relationship between Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia. The Ambassador emphasized that both nations, united by their shared Islamic faith, view each other as brothers and sisters.

The Ambassador noted that a new agreement has been signed to facilitate various cultural initiatives, including arrangements for friendly football matches. “Sports, particularly football, can serve as a powerful medium for bringing our people together,” he stated. “This initiative will not only promote healthy competition but also foster camaraderie between our nations.”

Further highlighting the cultural exchange, the Ambassador mentioned plans to showcase a variety of mutual traditions, including music, cuisine, and unique beverages such as camel milk. “We are excited to share our culinary heritage with the people of Bangladesh, just as we look forward to experiencing the rich flavors of Bangladeshi cuisine,” he added.

The Ambassador expressed optimism that these exchanges will lead to deeper connections and understanding among the communities. He noted that marriages between families from both countries have already begun to flourish, symbolizing the merging of cultures and traditions.

As Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia continue to strengthen their ties, the Ambassador affirmed that such initiatives are vital for building lasting friendships and cooperation, celebrating the rich heritage they share in their Islamic faith.

Ambassador Essa Yousef Essa Alduhailan’s dynamic, workaholic nature, combined with his approachable demeanor, has earned him the reputation of being a true friend of Bangladesh. Under his unwavering leadership, the Saudi Embassy has facilitated cooperation across various sectors, including trade, investment, and labor, further solidifying the partnership between Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh.