Bangladesh fought for its independence from West Pakistan in 1971, which led to the creation of the Bangladesh Navy. During the war, it became an essential part of the Bangladesh Forces after being formally established in July 1971. Bengali officers and sailors deserted in large numbers from the Pakistan Navy, which nevertheless made a significant contribution to the war effort in spite of having just two ships and forty-five people at first. Operation Jackpot was one of the navy's approximately 45 operations throughout the War, which included both conventional naval confrontations and guerilla warfare. In the end, the navy's efforts greatly aided in Bangladesh's independence by maintaining naval lines of communication and blocking enemy ports. In order to build a capable marine force, the navy quickly grew after the war and acquired former Royal Navy frigates in the 1970s and early 1980s. The Bangladesh Navy has developed over time from these modest origins into a cutting-edge force that can protect the country's maritime interests and promote regional stability. 

A vital component of the country's defence, the Bangladesh Navy protects Bangladesh's maritime interests and promotes regional stability. In order to address new security threats and support international peacekeeping missions, the navy is dedicated to modernisation, strategic development, and regional collaboration under the inspiring direction of its Chief, Admiral M Nazmul Hassan. With surface ships, submarines, planes, and logistical support units, the Bangladesh Navy has a broad and increasingly advanced fleet. Its primary responsibilities include protecting important shipping lanes, promoting national growth, and maintaining maritime security. As another indication of its dedication to world stability, the navy actively takes part in international peacekeeping operations, disaster relief efforts, and humanitarian aid. The navy, led by Admiral M Nazmul Hassan, is concentrating on strategic alliances, naval diplomacy, and technology development in the Indian Ocean region in order to strengthen Bangladesh's maritime sovereignty and regional clout. 

Meet the Chief of Naval Staff, the visionary leader guiding Bangladesh's maritime destiny. Throughout his nearly forty-year career, he has devoted his life to protecting Bangladesh's maritime sovereignty and security. Motivated by a strong sense of duty and patriotism from an early age, he enlisted in the Navy as a cadet in 1984 and advanced through the ranks to become the force's leader in its modernisation. Under his direction, the Bangladesh Navy has developed into a powerful maritime force that actively participates in international peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts, and regional security, having started out as a coastal defence force. His strategic plan places a strong emphasis on regional cooperation, modernisation, and indigenisation to guarantee Bangladesh's continued prominence in the Bay of Bengal. Inspiring the upcoming generation of navy commanders and bolstering Bangladesh's maritime might for years to come, his journey exemplifies unshakeable dedication, creative thinking, and a firm commitment to national service.

In the rapidly evolving geopolitical landscape of South Asia and the Indian Ocean region, the Bangladesh Navy plays a vital role in safeguarding national sovereignty, maritime security, and regional stability. As the leader of this strategic maritime force, Admiral Nazmul Hassan, the Chief of Bangladesh Navy, oversees the ongoing modernization efforts, strategic initiatives, and international collaborations that are crucial for Bangladesh’s maritime future.

This interview offers a rare and in-depth glimpse into Admiral Hassan’s vision, leadership approach, and the navy’s current priorities amid regional and global security challenges. It also highlights the navy’s recent achievements, future plans, and its role in strengthening Bangladesh’s maritime sovereignty. Through his insights, we gain a clearer understanding of how the Bangladesh Navy is positioning itself as a modern, capable, and regionally influential force.

The following is an excerpt from the interview:

I joined Bangladesh Navy as a cadet in January 1984 and got commissioned on July 1, 1986. Since childhood, I have been profoundly influenced by ideals of patriotism and selfless service, deeply rooted in the legacy of the Liberation War. My unwavering determination to serve my country and safeguard its maritime interests was instilled in me early on. These core principles became the driving force behind my decision to dedicate my life to naval service.

The Bangladesh Navy has blessed me with an extraordinary opportunity to be part of a mission far greater than myself—protecting Bangladesh’s sovereignty, securing our territorial waters, and playing a role in regional security. Throughout my career, I have had the distinct honour of serving in diverse leadership positions, ranging from commanding various naval warships to directing strategic maritime operations. Each responsibility I have undertaken has further strengthened my resolve to enhance our naval capabilities, promote professionalism, and instil excellence within our ranks.

Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of contributing to several transformational initiatives, including:

a. Commanding the Bangladesh Naval Academy as Commandant and shaping the future generation of Naval leaders.

b. Leading strategic naval operations as Fleet Commander to enhance our maritime security and national defence capabilities.

c. My tenure as High Commissioner to the Maldives allowed me to strengthen bilateral ties between the two nations including vital support for Maldives during COVID-19 pandemic.

d. Strengthening international cooperation, including hosting Bangladesh’s first international Fleet Review (IFR) in 2022 as Commander Chattogram Naval Area, shedding a brighter light on the Bangladesh Navy on the global stage.

e. As PSO in Naval Headquarters, advancing Bangladesh’s presence in regional and global naval forums while reinforcing our commitment to a rules-based maritime order.

Each of these milestones has allowed me to contribute towards positioning the Bangladesh Navy as a technologically advanced, operationally capable, and globally engaged force. Each role has uniquely shared my growth as a naval officer and to leading the Bangladesh Navy following my vision.

Naval Strategy and Operations

How has the role of the Bangladesh Navy evolved in recent years, particularly in response to regional security dynamics?

Bangladesh Navy has undergone a strategic transformation from a coastal defence force to a full-fledged maritime power. This shift aligns with our assigned tasks that includes:

a. Securing our Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and maritime boundaries.

b. Countering transnational threats such as piracy, human trafficking, illegal fishing, and narcotics.

c. Expanding regional and global partnerships to enhance maritime stability.

d. Participating in various international disaster relief missions to friendly neighbouring countries.

e. Participating in multinational events and combined exercises.

f. Contributing to restoring world peace by deploying naval ships and assets in UN Missions and peacekeepers from the Bangladesh Navy.

By embracing technological advancements supported by international partners, we have strengthened our presence in the Bay of Bengal, ensuring that Bangladesh’s strategic interests remain well protected.

Can you elaborate on the key strategic priorities for the Bangladesh Navy in the next five to ten years?

Our strategic priorities are:

a. Fleet Modernisation. Gradual phase out and induction of naval capabilities including ships, submarines, aircraft and special forces as per the requirements of the era.

b. Indigenisation. Develop local warships and technology transfer.

c. Maritime Domain Awareness.

d. Joint operation with our sister services.

e. Regional Cooperation. Foster partnerships for collective security in the Bay of Bengal and beyond.

f. Human Resource Development. Provide cutting-edge training for a skilled naval force.

g. National Economy. Engage and assist in the grooming of the national Blue Economy and resource exploration.

We aim to be a credible, three dimensional maritime force ready for emerging threats.

What measures are being taken to enhance the operational readiness and capabilities of the Navy?

We are continuously pursuing to improve our readiness by acquiring new platforms and combat management systems, conducting regular naval exercises independently and internationally. Additionally, we are organising advanced training programs for our personnel that incorporate modern warfare techniques and technology-driven operations. We are enhancing our logistics and infrastructure to support sustained operations at sea. Furthermore, we are increasing our emphasis on cybersecurity and unmanned systems in response to contemporary warfare challenges. By adapting to emerging threats and technological advancements, we aim to ensure that our personnel and assets remain prepared for maritime operations in various scenarios.

Bangladesh Navy plays an important role in maintaining security in the Bay of Bengal. Our responsibilities includes national defence, ensuring freedom of navigation, addressing transnational and non-traditional threats, promoting regional cooperation through joint exercises and diplomatic engagements etc. We participates in various humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations. Our strategic focus is on regional cooperation, collective security frameworks, and maintaining a peaceful, rules-based maritime order.

We regularly participate in multilateral events and exercises, training programs and information-sharing initiatives with regional and extra-regional partners. We have strong collaborations with multiple countries, including:

a. Australia. Collaboration and intelligence sharing with the Australian Navy and Border forces for curbing illegal migration and exploitation of the vulnerable population.

b. China. Defence cooperation and naval technology exchange.

c. India. Joint maritime patrols coordinated security efforts and training exchange programs.

d. Pakistan. Defence cooperation, professional training exchanges, participation in multilateral maritime exercise and goodwill visits.

e. Qatar. Exchange of naval personnel as a support to the Qatari Naval Forces and training support as and when required.

f. UK. Collaboration through joint training, maritime security workshops, training packages, ship purchase and sharing best practices in naval operations.

g. United States. Joint exercises, training programs and strategic dialogues for future avenues of expansion and naval diplomacy.

h. IONS, BIMSTEC, ASEAN and IORA. Participation in regional maritime security forums and crisis response initiatives.

These collaborations strengthen our ability to address challenges like piracy, smuggling and asymmetric threats while fostering mutual trust among nations.

How does the Navy address challenges such as piracy, smuggling, and illegal fishing in the region?

To address challenges such as piracy, smuggling, and illegal fishing in the Bay of Bengal, the Bangladesh Navy employs a comprehensive and robust approach. Continuous surface and aerial patrols safeguard both national and international maritime interests, ensuring the security of shipping routes and curbing unlawful activities. 

Historical records bear testimony to the Navy’s effectiveness, with instances of piracy in Bangladeshi waters being practically non-existent. The pragmatic and methodical deployment of naval platoons during fishing bans and restrictions has significantly increased sustainable fish stocks in the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh Navy has earned the “National Fisheries Award 2019” in recognition of its outstanding contribution to Bangladesh’s fisheries resources and marine fisheries management, which is a testament to our dedicated efforts.

a. Deploying naval and aerial assets for persistent surveillance and patrolling.

b. Enhancing intelligence-sharing frameworks with regional and international partners.

c. Conducting joint operations in collaboration with the Bangladesh Coast Guard and other security organizations.

d. Sharing information with neighbouring nations to strengthen regional security and protect vital sea lines of communication.

e. Implementing advanced monitoring technologies to promptly identify and respond to illegal maritime activities.

These efforts are harmonised through a well-structured system designed to optimise efficiency and outcomes. The Navy’s strategy prioritises deterrence and prevention, ensuring that illegal activities are effectively curtailed while promoting the sustainable management of the region’s maritime resources.

Technology and Modernisation

What advancements in technology are being integrated into the Bangladesh Navy’s operations?

Our Navy is integrating advanced technologies like Unmanned Aerial System (USA), modern combat systems, radar systems, cyber defence tools, and communication networks to enhance efficiency. We are utilising AI and Data Analytics for improved decision-making and analysis. Embracing cutting-edge defence technologies ensures superior operational capabilities and strategic deterrence. The Bangladesh Navy is also integrating Identification Friend or Foe (IFF), Tactical Data Link (TDL), and digitised communication systems, including satellite communications (SATCOMS), as a force enabler, improving overall C2. The establishment of the indigenous Information Fusion Centre (IFC) is in the right direction for effective Maritime Domain Awareness and symbiotic operations with national and regional partners.

Cybersecurity is a priority issue for us as a modern force. We are trying to develop robust defence frameworks against cyberattacks while training personnel in this field. We are collaborating with international partners to develop best practices for cybersecurity and digital warfare. We are also exploring and investing in unmanned systems for surveillance and reconnaissance missions to meet future challenges. At the same time we are also exploring possibilities for active and passive anti-UAV systems for self- defence.

We focus on eco-friendly naval operations by using green technologies and reducing our carbon footprint. Understanding the climate risks, we engage in marine conservation to protect the Bay of Bengal’s biodiversity. We also adapt strategies for sustainable maritime security against climate threats. We also actively engage in environmental conservation activities in islands and coastal areas, raising awareness amongst the locals and tourists.

Due to Bangladesh’s susceptibility to natural disasters, the naval forces have consistently played a pivotal role in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) operations. For instance, during the 2020 Cyclone Amphan, the Bangladesh Navy rapidly deployed its ships and personnel to provide food supplies, medical aid, and shelter in the affected coastal regions. In cases of severe flooding, such as the catastrophic inundations in 2022 and 2023, naval craft were instrumental in reaching inaccessible areas, coordinating evacuation missions, and distributing emergency resources. We pledge our unwavering dedication to protect lives and support communities in need, both domestically and beyond national borders. The Bangladesh Navy has provided Humanitarian Assistance to Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar and the Philippines on various occasions, including the Tsunami, COVID-19, post-tropical cyclone and earthquake. Our capabilities include C2, trained human resources, specialised craft, search and rescue etc.

To build a skilled and motivated naval force, we offer: competitive career opportunities, world-class training programs, scholarships, international exchanges, and state-of-the-art facilities. These initiatives attract top talent to the Bangladesh Navy. There is also a progressive structure and a welfare package for personnel willing to serve a long term in the Navy, making the Bangladesh Navy a good retainer and developer of human resources.

The Bangladesh Navy follows an ever-progressive training model, incorporating specialised technical training on advanced naval systems, joint exercises with allied navies to enhance interoperability, simulation-based warfare training using AI and data analytics and overseas training at renowned military institutions. We focus on real-time operational readiness, ensuring our personnel are well-prepared for conventional and asymmetric maritime warfare.

My ambition for the Bangladesh Navy is to establish it as a reckonable maritime force in South Asia and beyond, safeguarding our interests with advanced technology and contributing to regional maritime stability. By focusing on strategic planning, technological progress, and international collaboration, we are developing a naval force prepared for the future. I desire to leave a legacy of innovation, strategic vision, and a well-equipped navy that motivates the next generation to serve with professionalism and excellence.

The Bangladesh Navy plays an active role in global maritime security through UN peacekeeping, and supporting regional maritime stability. Strengthening partnerships and joint exercises will enhance our reputation as a reliable force, ensuring safe seas. We are also actively engaged in various Maritime Domain Awareness Programmes and initiatives, including IFC-IOR and planning to expand our footprint further. We remain committed to a secure and stable rule-based international maritime order for the use of oceans for all humankind.

A career in the Navy is about honour, discipline, and service to the nation. Young individuals should embrace the challenges of serving in the armed forces. Serving your nation is one of life’s greatest honours. The armed forces provide opportunities for personal growth while contributing to society. The Bangladesh Navy offers the opportunity to be part of a future-driven, world-class naval force. It’s not just a career, but a commitment to serve not only your country but also the humankind everywhere.